This study was completed by NPC Research, an independent, nationally recognized research firm headquartered in Portland, Oregon, at the request of the Montana Supreme Court and the Montana Healthcare Foundation (who funded the report). The purpose of this study was to respond to current attention on substance use disorders as a key health challenge in Montana, and the powerful role that treatment courts can play in addressing this problem; to review the current reach of treatment courts in Montana; and to explore the interest in, feasibility of, and resources required to expand treatment courts in the state.